What is Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy lets your doctor examine the lining of the entire large intestine and often part of the small instestine called the terminal illeum. This examination is performed by inserting a flexible tube about the thickness of your finger into the anus and slowly advancing into the end of the large intestine called the cecum.

What Preparation is Required?

Your doctor will tell you what cleansing routine to use. In general, preparation consists of special laxatives and dietary modifications as well. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully.

Should I Continue My Current Medications?

Most medications can be continued as usual. Inform your doctor about medications that you're taking - particularly aspirin products or anticoagulants (blood thinners) - as well as any allergies you have to medications. Also, tell your doctor if you require antibiotics prior to dental procedures, because you might need antibiotics prior to colonoscopy as well.

What Can I Expect During Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is usually well tolerated. You will receive an adequate amount of sedative to keep you comfortable. You will lie on your side while your doctor advances the colonoscope through the rectum and colon. As your doctor withdraws the instrument, your doctor will carefully examine the lining of the intestine. As the instrument is withdrawn, your doctor will carefully examine the lining of the intestine.

What if the Colonoscopy Finds Something Abnormal?

If your doctor sees an area that needs further evaluation, your doctor might take a biopsy (sample of the colon lining) to be analyzed. Biopsies are used to identify many conditions, and your doctor might order one even if he or she doesn't suspect cancer.

If you doctor finds polyps, he or she will usually remove them. Polyps are usually sent to microscopic examination. Polyps known as "hyperplastic" might not require removal, but benign polyps known as "adenomas" are potentially precancerous. Your doctor will likely ask you to have a colonoscopy (a complete examination of the colon) to remove any large polyps or any small adenomas.

What Happens After a Colonoscopy?

Your doctor will explain the results to you when the procedure is done. You might feel bloated or some mild cramping because of the air that was passed into the colon during the examination. This will disappear quickly when you pass gas. You should be able to eat and resume your normal activities after leaving your doctor's office or the hospital.

What Are Possible Complications of Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy, biopsy and polypectomy are safe when performed by doctors who are specially trained and experienced in these endoscopic procedures. Complications are rare, but it's important for you to recognize early signs of possible complications. Contact your physician if you notice severe abdominal pain, fevers and chills, or rectal bleeding of more than one-half cup. Note that rectal bleeding can occur several days after the biopsy.